In diabetes, the body lacks a normal supply of insulin to remove glucose from the blood, or the tissues are resistant to insulin. This creates two problems: high blood glucose levels and a lack of stored glucose, the body’s major fuel source.
The difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes lies in the cause of this condition. Beta cells, found in the pancreas, produce the body’s insulin. In type 1 diabetes, most of those beta cells have been destroyed, limiting the supply of insulin. As a result, individuals with type 1 diabetes must take insulin to control their blood glucose levels.

In type 2 diabetes, the pancreas may still produce insulin, but it either produces insufficient amounts or the body resists the insulin itself. Diet, exercise and various oral medications can help the body use its self-produced insulin more efficiently.

Here’s the catch: Type 2 diabetes is a progressive disease, meaning the insulin-producing beta cells deteriorate over time. Eventually, actual insulin therapy (in the form of injections) may become necessary.

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